Liberalism and radicalism in Spain

Liberalism

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Organizations Liberal parties Liberal International International Federation of Liberal Youth (IFLRY) European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR) Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) European Liberal Youth (LYMEC) Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats (CALD) Africa Liberal Network (ALN) Liberal Network for Latin America (Relial)

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This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Spain. It is limited to liberal and radical parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having been represented in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it is not necessary that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.

Background

In the nineteenth century, liberalism was a dominant political force in Spain, but the label itself was also used by the conservative current. In the twentieth century, liberal parties tended to name themselves radical, democratic or republican.

History

From Liberals to Fusionist Liberal Party

1812: The Spanish liberals, known as Liberals (Liberales, 1812-1836), Exaltados (1836-1839), Progressives (Progresistas, 1839-1880), led by people like Baldomero Espartero, Salustiano Olózoga, Juan Prim, Práxedes Sagasta and Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, Duke de la Torre, were not organised in a well-established party, but formed their own factions. Out of this current the ⇒ Democrats in 1843, the ⇒ Liberal Union in 1854, the ⇒ Radical Democratic Party in 1869 and the ⇒ Progressive Democratic Party in 1879 seceded
1880: The liberals united in the Fusionist Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Fusionista), led by Sagasta, though sometimes factions remain outside the party
1882: A left-wing faction of the party established the ⇒ Dynastic Left, most of its members returned between 1884 and 1886 to the Fusionist Liberal Party
1890: The ⇒ Posibilist Party joined the party
1907: A left-wing faction of the party seceded as the ⇒ Monarchist Democratic Party
1918: A faction seceded as the ⇒ Liberal Left
1923: The party disappeared due to the Miguel Primo de Rivera coup

Democratic Party

1843: The left-wing of the ⇒ Progressives established the Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata) as a rally of left wing liberals and moderate socialists
1868: The republican wing formed the ⇒ Federal Republican Party
1871: The party disappeared and remnants of the party continue as a monarchist party

Liberal Union

1854: Moderate ⇒ progressives established the Liberal Union (Unión Liberal), led by Leopoldo O'Donnell
1868: The party merged with the conservative Moderates into the Liberal Conservative Party

Federal Republican Party

1868: The republican wing of the ⇒ Democratic Party established the Federal Republican Party (Partido Republicano Federal), also known as the Republican Democratic Party
1878: A faction joined the ⇒ Reformist Republican Party
1879: A faction seceded as the ⇒ Posibilist Party
1923: The party disappeared due to the Primo de Rivera coup

From Radical Democratic Party to Centralist Party

1869: A left-wing faction of the Progressives seceded as the Radical Democratic Party (Partido Radical Demócrata), led by Ruiz Zorilla
1876: The party is reorganised into the Reformist Republican Party, led by Nicolás Salmerón
1878: A faction of the ⇒ Federal Republican Party joined the party
1879: A faction joined the ⇒ Progressive Democratic Party
1890: The party is renamed Centralist Party (Partido Centralista)
1891: The party is absorbed by the ⇒ Federal Republican Party

Posibilist Party

1879: A faction of the ⇒ Federal Republican Party formed the Posibilist Party ('Partido Posibilista'), led by Emilio Castelar
1890: The party joins the ⇒ Fusionist Liberal Party

Progressive Democratic Party

1879: A left wing faction of the ⇒ Progressives with dissidents of the Reformist Republican Party formed the Progressive Democratic Party (Partido Progresista Democrático)
1882: The party merges into the ⇒ Dynastic Left

Dynastic Left

1882: A faction of the ⇒ Fusionist Liberal Party together with the Progressive Democratic Party established the Dynastic Left (Izquierda Dinástica), led by Francisco Serrano and Adolfo Posada
1886: Between 1884 and 1886 most of the members returned to the ⇒ Fusionist Liberal Party

Liberal Democratic Party

1903: A faction of the ⇒ Fusionist Liberal Party seceded and formed the Liberal Democratic Party, led by Eugenio Montero Ríos
1907: The party disappeared

Republican Union (1906)

1906: A faction of the ⇒ Federal Republican Union seceded as the Republican Union (Unión Republicana), led by Nicolás Salmerón
1908: A faction seceded as the ⇒ Radical Republican Party
1923: The party disappeared due to the Primo de Rivera coup

Monarchist Democratic Party

1907: A left-wing faction of the ⇒ Fusionist Liberal Party seceded as the Monarchist Democratic Party (Partido Democrático Monnárquico) of José Canajelas
1923: The party disappeared due to the Primo de Rivera coup

Radical Republican Party

1908: A faction of the ⇒ Republican Union established the Radical Republican Party (Partido Republicano Radical), led by Alejandro Lerroux
1929: A left-wing faction established the ⇒ Radical Socialist Republican Party
1933: Due to the development into a conservative party, the liberal wing sededed as the ⇒ Radical Democratic Party. The original party disappeared in 1939

Liberal Lefts

1918: A faction of the ⇒ Fusionist Liberal Party seceded to form the Liberal Left (Izquierda Liberal)
1923: The party disappeared due to the Primo de Rivera coup

From Republican Action to Republican Left

1926: Manuel Azaña established the Republican Action (Acción Republicana)
1934: The party merged with a Galician regional party and a faction of the ⇒ Radical Socialist Republican Party into the Republican Left (Izquierda Republicana)
1939: The party is banned, though there are attempts to revive the party after 1976

Radical Socialist Republican Party

1929: A left-wing faction of the ⇒ Radical Republican Party established the Radical Socialist Republican Party (Partido Republicano Radical Socialista)
1934: The party is dissolved, members joined the ⇒ Republican Left or the ⇒ Republican Union

From Radical Democratic Party to Republican Union

1933: Due to the development of the ⇒ Radical Republican Party, the liberal wing sededed as the Radical Democratic Party (Partido Radical Demócrata)
1934: The party merged with a faction of the ⇒ Radical Socialist Republican Party into the Republican Union (Unión Republicana)
1939: The party is banned

Democratic Convergence of Catalonia

1974: Democrats in Catalonia established the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia, a democratic nationalist party with liberal values, led by Jordi Pujol i Soley

Democratic and Social Centre

1982: Former prime minister Adolfo Suárez left the Union of the Democratic Centre and establishes the liberal Democratic and Social Centre (Centro Democrático y Social). The party lost parliamentary representation in 1993, but continues to exist.

People's Party

1989: The Liberal Party, previously part of the Union of the Democratic Centre, merged with the Popular Alliance (AP) and the Democratic Popular Party in the People's Party.

Liberal leaders

Liberals before 1912: Emilio Castelar u Ripoll - José Canalejas y Mendez
Izquierda Republicana: Manuel Azaña
Centro Democratico y Social: Adolfo Suárez
Partido Popular: Mariano Rajoy

Liberal thinkers

In the Contributions to liberal theory the following Spanish thinkers are included:

José Ortega y Gasset (Spain, 1883-1955)
Salvador de Madariaga (Spain, 1886-1978)